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A, B and C given below and select the correct option from the following:
- A and C are isomers of hexane and B is benzene.
- A is an isomer of hexane, B is benzene and C is an isomer of hexene.
- A is a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon and B and C are unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons.
- A is cyclohexane and B and C are the isomers of benzene.
Analysis of the figures:
The three structures shown in the image are all cyclic hydrocarbons, meaning they consist of carbon atoms arranged in a closed ring. Let’s analyze them one by one:
Figure A:
- This molecule has six carbon atoms and twelve hydrogen atoms.
- All the carbon atoms are connected to each other by single bonds, and each carbon atom is also bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
- This structure satisfies the definition of an alkane, which is a hydrocarbon that only contains single bonds between the carbon atoms.
- Additionally, all the carbon atoms are sp3 hybridized, meaning they have four bonding orbitals.
- Because each carbon atom bonds with four other atoms, all the bonds in this molecule are single bonds, and the molecule does not contain any rings of atoms.
- Therefore, molecule A is cyclohexane.
Figure B:
- This molecule has six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms.
- It has a ring structure with alternating single and double bonds between the carbon atoms.
- This structure satisfies the definition of an aromatic hydrocarbon, which is a cyclic hydrocarbon that has alternating single and double bonds between the carbon atoms.
- Additionally, all the carbon atoms are sp2 hybridized, meaning they have three bonding orbitals and one non-bonding orbital.
- The delocalized electrons in the p orbitals above and below the ring contribute to the stability of the molecule.
- Therefore, molecule B is benzene.
Figure C:
- This molecule has six carbon atoms and eight hydrogen atoms.
- It has a ring structure with two double bonds between two carbon atoms.
- This structure satisfies the definition of an alkene, which is a hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
- Additionally, all the carbon atoms are sp3 hybridized, except for the two carbons that are bonded to each other by a double bond, which are sp2 hybridized.
- Therefore, molecule C is an isomer of hexene.
Key points:
- Saturated hydrocarbons have only single bonds between the carbon atoms.
- Unsaturated hydrocarbons have one or more double or triple bonds between the carbon atoms.
- Isomers are molecules that have the same chemical formula but different structures.
Conclusion:
Based on the analysis above, we can see that:
- Molecule A (cyclohexane) is a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon, meaning it only contains single bonds between the carbon atoms.
- Molecule B (benzene) and molecule C (isomer of hexene) are unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons, meaning they contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer: “A is a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon and B and C are unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons.“
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